Emma Mordecai lived an unusual life. She was Jewish in a region where Jews made up less than one percent of the population, unmarried in a society that offered women few paths outside of marriage, and American-born at a time when most Jews in the United States were immigrants. She remained deeply committed to Jewish religious practice and identity even as many members of her family converted to Christianity. At the same time, she lived comfortably within the social expectations of white Southern womanhood, embraced Southern values, and owned enslaved African Americans.

Emma Mordecai was a deeply complicated figure: a staunch defender of Judaism who was also an ardent Confederate nationalist and slaveowner. Her life, vividly captured in her wartime diary, underscores the messiness of history and the ambiguous place of Jews in the antebellum and Civil War South.

The Civil War Diary of Emma Mordecai is one of the few surviving Civil War–era diaries written by a Jewish woman in the antebellum South. Through Mordecai’s daily entries, the diary traces her evolving views on Confederate nationalism and Southern identity, Jewishness, women’s roles during wartime, domestic life in a slaveholding household, and the central importance of family ties. Without losing sight of the racist social and political structures that shaped her world, the book also documents her experiences of wartime disruption, displacement, and the loss of home.

Rich in detail, the diary brings to life hospital visits, food shortages, local social life, Jewish observances, the sounds and sights of nearby battles, and the deeply personal consequences of emancipation and its aftermath for Mordecai’s household and family. Together, these reflections offer a rare and illuminating perspective on Jewish life, gender, and belonging in the final years of the Civil War South.